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White Papers

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

January 12, 2012
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a form of digital modulation used in a wide array of communications systems. This paper will explain what OFDM is, why it’s important, where it’s used, and what test instrumentation is required to maintain it.

RF Wafer Testing: An Acute Need, and Now Practical

January 12, 2012
Carl Scharrer, Keithley Instruments, Inc. RF Tests Becoming Indispensable

Software-defined Radio: The next wave in RF test instrumentation

January 12, 2012
Michael Millhaem, Principal RF Application Engineer Keithley Instruments, Inc. Test equipment manufacturers are constantly challenged to develop new solutions for testing their customers’ latest devices, but they’ve traditionally developed specialized hardware to meet this challenge....

Unraveling Modulation Quality in Mobile WiMAX™ Uplink and Downlink with Multiple Zones and Bursts

January 12, 2012
This clearly written and informative technical paper examines the WiMAX frame structure, permutation zones and bursts. To illustrate radio complexity and familiarize the reader with digital demodulation tools, the example given in this paper focuses solely on demodulation measurements of a Mobile WiMAX signal with data bursts. Selection of a map file, display and analysis of all data bursts in the map are among the topics presented in this paper. Additionally, the paper discusses how to perform modulation quality measurements on the uplink signal as well.

Reference Flow for High-Speed Serial Interconnect Design 1

January 12, 2012
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Reference Flow for High-Speed Serial Interconnect Design 2

January 12, 2012
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Sample White Paper

December 19, 2011

An amplifier is one of the most common electrical elements in any system. The requirements for amplification are as varied as the systems where they are used.