Jinwoo Jung and Yeongseog Lim, Chonnam National University; Hyeonjin Lee, Dongkang College

Until recently, conventional commercial antennas in the worldwide market have been external ones, because they provide omni-directional radiation patterns for optimum coverage in all circumstances. In addition, stubby antennas are shorter, more robust and, arguably, more aesthetically appealing than the retractable antenna. Most of the stubby antennas reported are...